Backed by a robust viability gap funding (VGF) program and declining prices, India is witnessing significant growth in the deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS). Under the new roadmap for renewables, the focus is not only on meeting targets but also on ensuring grid stability and the reliable integration of renewables.

In an exclusive interview with Mercom India, Kamlesh Kataria, COO at Kalpa Power, spoke about the evolution of BESS in India, the strategic investments in solar by the commercial and industrial (C&I) sector, and the company’s 2030 target.

Could you give us an overview of Kalpa Power, including your core operations and renewable energy offerings?

Kalpa Power is focused on delivering reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy solutions to India’s commercial and industrial sector. Our expertise lies in providing end-to-end solutions, from design and engineering to EPC execution, asset management, and long-term energy optimization.

We manage over 490 MWp of contracted renewable capacity and deliver more than 1.25 million units of clean energy daily to C&I consumers across India.

Within the C&I segment, are you seeing stronger demand today for open access projects or rooftop solar?

Demand is growing across both rooftop solar and open-access segments; however, open access has gained stronger momentum since 2021.

Rooftop solar continues to offer substantial untapped potential, particularly due to on-site generation benefits such as zero transmission losses, simplified approvals, and unutilized rooftop space. Open access has emerged as the key growth driver for solar installations, driven by improved regulatory clarity.

In states like Maharashtra, the simultaneous use of rooftop solar and open access is permitted, enabling hybrid strategies.

Are C&I customers increasingly prioritizing energy resilience and decarbonization, alongside cost savings, as drivers of renewable adoption?

India’s energy transition has progressed in phases from addressing shortages to focusing on reliability. Corporate environmental, social, and governance commitments, renewable purchase obligations, production-linked incentives, and emerging carbon market mechanisms are influencing decision-making for the C&I sector.

Today, renewable adoption is driven not only by cost savings but also by resilience, compliance, and long-term energy certainty aligned with business growth. Efficient power management has become as important as clean power generation.

With expected upward pressure on BESS prices due to recent policy shifts in China, how do you see the energy storage market evolving in India over the next 12–24 months?

In the near term, global policy shifts, particularly in China, may exert some upward pressure on battery cell prices. However, we expect this to be moderated in India by strong domestic policy support and growing market scale.

Over the next 12–24 months, we expect the market to evolve from standalone battery installations to integrated, application-driven solutions.

Peak demand management, renewable firming, ancillary services, and hybrid solar-storage systems will drive value creation. Strategic procurement, lifecycle performance optimization, and supply-chain management will become critical differentiators.

Following Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission’s decision to allow the simultaneous use of open access and rooftop solar under the net metering framework, have you seen increased C&I interest in hybrid configurations?

We are seeing a clear increase in C&I interest in hybrid configurations following the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission’s decision. Many industrial consumers already have rooftop solar installed, often sized years ago to meet only a portion of their demand. As production scales up and energy requirements rise, rooftops alone are no longer sufficient. This allows consumers to optimize energy sourcing without being constrained by rooftop limitations.

In Budget 2026, the exemption on basic customs duty for capital goods used in manufacturing lithium-ion cells for BESS applications was extended. How do you expect this to impact the economics of solar-plus-storage projects and tariffs in upcoming renewable auctions?

The extension of the basic customs duty exemption for capital goods used in lithium-ion cell manufacturing under Budget 2026 reinforces the government’s long-term commitment to scaling energy storage as a core component of India’s clean energy transition. Along with sustained allocations for solar and storage deployment, this measure provides greater cost visibility and confidence for long-term capital investment in solar-plus-storage projects.

From an auction and tariff perspective, such policy signals are important, not because they immediately compress prices, but because they improve project bankability and reduce uncertainty around future cost trajectories. As the market matures, tariffs will increasingly reflect system-level optimisation rather than just equipment pricing.

With renewables now accounting for a majority of India’s power generation, how critical are BESS for grid stability, and what gaps remain to be addressed for large-scale deployment?

Large-scale BESS deployment is still constrained by confidence and consistency, not just cost. For many C&I consumers, storage is a relatively new asset class. There is a natural trust gap. Customers want proof that BESS will perform as promised, integrate seamlessly with their operations, and deliver measurable value over its lifecycle.

Policy alignment will be equally important for large-scale BESS deployment. While central-level support for storage is strengthening, state-level frameworks need to evolve at a similar pace. Clear guidelines on storage participation in grid services, banking, and hybrid configurations will further accelerate adoption.

The Ministry of Power has proposed simplifying rules for captive power projects, including the 51% collective utilisation requirement under captive mode. How could this proposal affect the viability and adoption of captive renewable projects?

The Ministry of Power’s proposal to simplify captive power regulations, particularly the 51% collective consumption requirement, is a much-needed reform.

Under the current framework, captive projects must strictly comply with equity ownership norms and ensure that at least 51% of the generated power is consumed collectively by captive users annually. Even minor fluctuations in annual power consumption can risk non-compliance and potential loss of captive status, creating commercial uncertainty for investors and industrial users.

Industrial operations are inherently dynamic, with production levels varying due to market demand, maintenance cycles, or expansion plans. Simplifying the framework will encourage broader participation from industries, developers, and investors, ultimately accelerating the addition of renewable capacity in the C&I segment.

Transmission connectivity and land acquisition remain major execution bottlenecks. How does Kalpa Power navigate these challenges and mitigate project risk?

Transmission connectivity and land acquisition are often treated as external risks in renewable projects. At Kalpa Power, we treat them as design variables, not execution constraints. This shift in mindset fundamentally changes how risk is managed.

Our project development approach begins with co-locating land, evaluating evacuation feasibility, and structuring the commercial arrangement. Land parcels are evaluated not only for title clarity and statutory readiness, but also for proximity to substations, realistic bay availability, and long-term grid stability. This prevents situations where projects are technically ready but commercially stranded due to connectivity delays.

On the transmission side, we go beyond basic connectivity approvals. Detailed load-flow assessments, substation capacity checks, and phased commissioning plans are built into the project blueprint. This allows us to align construction timelines with actual grid readiness rather than assumed availability.

What further differentiates Kalpa is the way execution risk is continuously monitored. We have made focused investments in enterprise resource planning (ERP)-integrated workflows and real-time management information system dashboards, giving leadership and project teams live visibility into land clearances, transmission milestones, approvals, and on-ground progress. This enables early intervention and data-backed decision-making rather than reactive firefighting.

Where do you see the next growth opportunities for Kalpa Power in 2026 and beyond?

Our primary priority is scaling from 400 MW to 5 GW by 2030.

Looking ahead, our innovation roadmap focuses on integrated energy management solutions, specifically BESS, EHV transmission infrastructure, and international renewable energy certificates. By combining high-velocity execution with grid reliability, Kalpa Power is de-risking the energy shift and ensuring renewable energy becomes the predictable and dominant force in India’s power mix.

This interview was sponsored by Kalpa Power